Using et al. For sources with one, two, or three authors, list all author names in your in-text citations (whether footnotes or author-date). For sources with four or more authors, use the first name followed by “et al.” In your Chicago style reference list or bibliography, list up to 10 authors.

Can you use et al in bibliography Harvard?

Citation Generator



“Et al.” is used in Harvard style to indicate that a source has four or more authors. By using “et al.”, writers can also avoid having very long citations that list every single author.

Is et al used in works cited?

You can use et al. in both your MLA in-text citations and the Works Cited page.

Is it rude to use et al?

Et al., the abbreviation of et alii, is about as friendly as a flu shot. They don’t fit well together. The use of et al. is not standard in greetings, so people will stumble over it, wondering whether they missed an important new rule somewhere.

When Should et al be used in MLA style?

three or more authors

If there are three or more authors, list only the first author followed by the phrase et al. (Latin for “and others”) in place of the subsequent authors’ names. (Note that there is a period after “al” in “et al.” Also note that there is never a period after the “et” in “et al.”).

How do you cite 3 authors in text MLA?

For a source with three or more authors, list only the first author’s last name, and replace the additional names with et al.

Is et al professional?

Et al. means “and others”, and abbreviates people in a list, while etc. can be used to abbreviate almost anything. A period is always used after et al., since the term is used to abbreviate the Latin term “et alii.” There are several rules, however, both formal and informal, that are required for proper usage of et al.

How do you cite 4 authors?

APA in-text citations with multiple authors



If a work has two authors, separate their names with an ampersand (&) in a parenthetical citation or “and” in a narrative citation. If there are three or more authors, only include the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”, meaning “and others”.

How do you use et al in research?

Use the word “and” between the authors’ names within the text and use the ampersand in parentheses. In subsequent citations, only use the first author’s last name followed by “et al.” in the signal phrase or in parentheses. In et al., et should not be followed by a period.

How many authors are needed for et al to be used in the bibliography?

Only when a work has six or more authors should the first in-text citation consist of the first author followed by et al. With five or fewer authors, all the author surnames should be spelled out at first mention. 2.

How do you cite two authors in MLA?

When a work has two authors, include them in the order they appear on the work, and invert the first author’s name but write out the second author’s name normally. Works Cited Format: First Author’s Last Name, First Name, and Second Author’s First Name Last Name.

How do you cite two sources with the same author MLA?

In the Works Cited (Per the MLA Handbook (9th edition), p. 221: To cite two or more works by the same author, give the name in the first entry only. Thereafter, in place of the name, type three hyphens, followed by a period and the title. The three hyphens stand for exactly the same name as in the preceding entry.

Do you put et al in in text citations MLA?

An MLA in-text citation provides the author’s last name and a page number in parentheses. If a source has two authors, name both. If a source has more than two authors, name only the first author, followed by “et al.” If the part you’re citing spans multiple pages, include the full page range.

How do you write et al in text MLA?

When mentioning the authors in the text, give all of the authors’ names or list the first author and write “and others”. For the parenthetical citation and Works Cited citation, give the first author’s name followed by et al.

How do you cite two authors in MLA?

When a work has two authors, include them in the order they appear on the work, and invert the first author’s name but write out the second author’s name normally. Works Cited Format: First Author’s Last Name, First Name, and Second Author’s First Name Last Name.

What does et al mean in MLA?

Academic writing is full of little conventions that may seem opaque to the uninitiated. One of these is the Latin phrase et al., an abbreviation meaning “and others.” It is used to shorten lists of author names in text citations to make repeated referencing shorter and simpler.

How do you write et al correctly?

This phrase means “and others.” Most commonly, et al. indicates other contributors (authors, editors, etc.) in a bibliographic list, such as “Feynman, Hawking, Sagan, et al.” There should always be a period after et al. to show it is an abbreviation.

How do you cite 4 authors?

APA in-text citations with multiple authors



If a work has two authors, separate their names with an ampersand (&) in a parenthetical citation or “and” in a narrative citation. If there are three or more authors, only include the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”, meaning “and others”.