The manuscript Summa Logicae (William of Ockham)
What is Summa Logicae about?
The Summa Logicae (“Sum of Logic”) is a textbook on logic by William of Ockham. It was written around 1323. Systematically, it resembles other works of medieval logic, organised under the basic headings of the Aristotelian Predicables, Categories, terms, propositions, and syllogisms.
What is the theory of William of Ockham?
He contended that human beings perceive objects directly through “intuitive cognition,” without the help of any universals. His theory of mental language aimed to show how we can speak of universals without thereby presupposing that universals exist.
What is the famous rule of William Ockham?
He formulates it as: “For nothing ought to be posited without a reason given, unless it is self-evident (literally, known through itself) or known by experience or proved by the authority of Sacred Scripture.” For William of Ockham, the only truly necessary entity is God; everything else is contingent.
Who developed theory of consequence in his work summa logicae?
The Summa of Logic (Latin Summa Logicae) is an important work by the English philosopher-theologian and logician William of Ockham, written some time between 1323 and 1326.
What is Ockham’s main thesis in nominalism?
Ockham’s nominalism does not require the elimination of simple connotative concepts after all; its main relevant thesis, on the contrary, is that their use is ontologically harmless since they do not signify (either primarily or secondarily) anything but individual things, as their nominal definitions are supposed to
What is an example of Occam’s razor?
Occam’s razor may be useful in very specific scientific settings. For example, doctors use a version of it—“when you hear hoofbeats, think horses, not zebras”—to ensure they go for the simplest diagnosis to explain their patient’s symptoms. And even this approach has been criticised by researchers.
What is Occam’s paradox?
It’s the principle (that you probably learned in high school physics) that states that the simplest solution to a given problem is probably the best.
What is the theory of being qua being?
Metaphysics is the study of “being qua being”, or the study of attributes that belong to things merely insofar as they exist, e.g. existence, unity, sameness and difference. The fundamental question posed by metaphysics is: what is true of existents insofar as they exist?
What is Kant’s most famous principle?
The categorical imperative
The categorical imperative is Kant’s famous statement of this duty: “Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.”
What is the commonsense theory?
1. For Aristotle, common sense (also known as koine aisthesis or sensus communis) describes the higher-order perception that humans uniquely possess. This sense acts as kind of guide for the others, organizing them as well as mobilizing them in one connected perceptual apparatus.